Exploring ecotypic plant adaptations and the influence of microbiota on mitigating environmental challenges
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: The idea of ecotypes, which refer to unique groups of plants that have evolved to flourish in specific habitats, is gaining attention owing to climate fluctuations and changes in the associated microbiota. The term "ecotype" described plant populations that are specially adapted to particular environments, as revealed by common garden experiments showcasing genetically distinct characteristics. This concept remains relevant in modern plant science, where garden experiments continue to uncover how natural selection promotes species diversity, underscoring the crucial role of the plant microbiota in adaptation. Recent research has highlighted the microbial interactions that aid plants in adapting to environmental stress. Plants that shape soil microbial communities exhibit differential responses along ecological gradients owing to environmental stressors that influence interactions with soil microorganisms. Understanding the differentiation within plant populations and the emergence of new species is vital for discerning natural selection patterns. Environmental stressors profoundly impact global crop production, whereas plant-microbiota symbioses significantly influence plant growth and defense through nutrient acquisition and metabolite synthesis. Plant adaptation mechanisms include enzymatic antioxidant production and osmolyte accumulation, which are regulated by phytohormones that orchestrate responses to biotic and abiotic stressors, respectively. Despite breeding and genetic engineering efforts, progress in enhancing plant tolerance to extreme conditions remains limited, necessitating the development of sustainable agricultural alternatives. This study offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in plant ecotype research, particularly focusing on symbiotic relationships with the microbiota and traits that contribute to improved nutrient uptake and plant health.
Authors: Jameel M. AL-KHAYRI, Tahir KHAN
Institutions: King Faisal University, Bacha Khan University
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $539
Funder: King Faisal University
OpenAlex ID: W4403066243