Prevalence of Comorbidities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Association with Disease Severity: A Descriptive Study
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: OSA. 8 There is peripharyngeal fat deposition in obesity.In order to reestablish pharyngeal patency, OSA patients have repeated awakenings from sleep, ensuing in meager sleep quality and deteriorated quality of life.These continuing series of desaturation and reoxygenation induce oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).9 Furthermore, hypoxemia triggers sympathetic nervous system by heightened sensitivity of peripheral chemoreceptors.The interaction between oxidative stress and raised sympathetic activity and inflammatory processes underlies IntroductIonObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a form of disordered breathing characterized by repetitive partial or whole collapse of pharynx during sleep.When OSA is accompanying with excessive daytime sleepiness, it is called as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Conventional symptoms of OSA include snoring, undue daytime sleepiness, irritability, lessened concentration, fatigability, memory problems, frequent nocturia, esophageal reflux, dry mouth, etc. Snoring in OSA is triggered by augmented turbulence in airflow resulting from increased airway resistance, leading to recurrent arousals and sleep fragmentation. 1 In OSA, the normal mechanism of sleep is transformed, thereby leading to multiple comorbidities. 2 The overall appraised prevalence of OSA in semi-urban population in India is around 6.2% (4.6% in males and 1.6% in females).3 The risk factors for OSA include obesity, male sex, age >40 years, higher neck circumference, large tonsils, or recessed chin.4 Polysomnography (PSG) is done to diagnose OSA in which apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is measured.AHI is the average number of disordered breathing events (apnea and hypopnea) per hour.5 Besides diagnosis, AHI also helps to evaluate the severity of OSA.As per the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), 6,7 OSA has been classified as mild (AHI 5-15), moderate (AHI 15-30), and severe (AHI >30).Obesity is considered a robust risk factor for OSA and is perceived in about 70% of patients with OSA.In contrast with nonobese individuals, obese individuals have four times higher risk of OSA.There is a bidirectional association between obesity and OSA.OSA can cause an increase in weight, thereby resulting in obesity, and obesity can worsen the severity and symptoms of
Authors: Shivani Jaswal, Mandeep K Sodhi, Deepak Aggarwal, Varinder Saini, Chahat Bhatia, Priyadarshini M
Institution: Government Medical College and Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4403101982