Work

Characterization and leaching options of a Zn and Ni-containing secondary sulfide

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: • A raw material containing NiS, ZnS(15 % Ni, 16 % Zn, 50.6 % S) was studied. • Atmospheric acidic ferrous-ferric sulfate system was utilized. • Impact of milling, oxidant and acid concentration was tested. • Zn extraction > 99 % was achieved with both O 2 and air. • At best, Ni extraction of ca. 50 % was achieved at t = 24 h with O 2 (g) only. A sulfidic secondary raw material rich in Ni (millerite) and Zn (sphalerite) as well as mixed Ni-Fe-S sulfides was characterized and investigated for its leaching behavior under atmospheric direct acid leaching system utilizing air or oxygen, H 2 SO 4 , temperature ranges, and gas flow rates. The goal was to investigate extractability of the main elements (Ni, 15 wt% and Zn, 16 wt%) in the raw material whether both Ni and Zn could be extract simultaneously, or whether the material is more amenable to selective leaching, impacting the subsequent process options. Batch leaching experiments were performed in a 1 L and 0.5 L systems in two complementary leaching series. Ni was not appreciably extracted apart from the Ni sulfates present in the raw material apart from the experiments utilizing O 2 (g). The Ni dissolution did not readily occur until Zn extraction was finished and solution oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) increased to ca. 450 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), and only reached ca. 50 % extraction at t = 24 h in T =90 °C and pH=1. The leach residue Zn content closely followed the ORP, achieving a minimum (0.1 wt% Zn) at E=471 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). The most rapid leaching kinetics for ZnS was with excess acid, followed by experiments with O 2 (g). Decent kinetics were observed in response surface design of experiments ( T= 30, 50, 70 °C; m (H2SO4) /m (Raw material) = 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 g/g), allowing Zn extraction in < 6h. as it was possible to produce upgraded NiS (20 wt%) while extracting most of the Zn (99 %) under several experimental conditions, ranging from high T (90 °C) and limited constant acidity (pH 1) to low temperature (T=50 °C) and high excess acidity. It was shown that it is possible in an atmospheric process to selectively extract Zn while keeping majority of Ni in the leach residue. Selective extraction of Zn allows separation of Ni and Zn into separate materials feeds to be subsequently processed: Zn stream in a Zn process, and Ni-containing residue in a Ni smelter.

Source: Minerals Engineering

DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109034

Authors: Antti Porvali, Tuomo Mäkelä, Jarno Mäkinen

Institution: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

Language: English

Topic: Metal Extraction and Bioleaching

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,080