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The effects of stratification on the near wake of 6 : 1 prolate spheroid

Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: An experimental study has been conducted on the near wake of a 6 : 1 spheroid, in both uniform and stratified backgrounds. The pitch angle, $\theta$ , was varied from $0^\circ \text { to }20^\circ$ . When $\theta = 0^\circ$ , stratification decreases the characteristic wake element spacing so a characteristic Strouhal number ( $St$ ) increases from 0.32 to 0.4. However, a similar measure scaled on wake momentum thickness shows the wake spacing to converge on those measured for other bluff and streamlined bodies. There is an apparent effect of Reynolds number, which changes the location of separation lines and hence the initial wake thickness. When $\theta > 0^\circ$ , the wake is a combination of the usual drag wake together with a collection of streamwise vortices that have separated from the body, and this wake geometry can evolve in ways that are measurably different from the zero incidence case. These differences may be limited to the near wake, as the later evolution appears to converge with previous bluff- and streamlined bodies, with normalised wake height, $L_V = 0.5$ and centreline velocity, $\bar {u}_0 = 0.3$ at $Nt = 10$ , as the early wake enters the non-equilibrium regime with similar values to previously studied stratified wakes. In the presence of density stratification, the inclined wake itself generates large-scale internal wave undulations with time scale $2{\rm \pi} /N$ , even when the background stratification is not strong and a body-based Froude number is $O(10)$ . The geometry and strengths of the primary streamwise vortices are not symmetric, mirroring previous results from experiments and computations in the literature.
DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2024.829
Language: English
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,450
OpenAlex ID: W4403493118
FWCI: 1.603
Cites: 56
Cited by: 8
Related to: 10