Effect of Torrefaction Process on the Physicochemical Properties of Solid Fuel from Palm Kernel Shells
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: This research investigates the effects of torrefaction on the characteristics of solid fuel made from palm kernel seed (PKS). The torrefaction process was conducted on raw PKS to improve its energy density and combustion efficiency. Torrefaction was carried out at 400°C at different durations (30, 40, and 50 minutes), with the goal of improving the energy density and combustion efficiency of raw PKS. The torrefied PKS was then ground and sieved into particle sizes of 150mm and 300mm. After being blended with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the torrefied PKS was compacted using hot press machine into solid fuel and tested for its physicochemical properties. The results indicated that PKS torrefied for 50 minutes with particle size of 300 mm exhibited optimal characteristics, with a high heating value (HHV) of 23.22 MJ/kg. The particle size plays a role, with finer particles (150mm) having lower HHV values compared to coarser particles (300mm). Additionally, the inclusion of HDPE affected the properties of the solid fuel. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy provided insights into its structural features.
Authors: Munira Mohamed Nazari, Nur Syafiqah Mansor
Institution: Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: Universiti Malaysia Perlis
OpenAlex ID: W4403613707