Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Iron oxide nanomaterials (Fe3O4 NMs) have important biomedical and environmental applications, e.g. drug delivery, chemotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, etc. However, the environmental risks of such Fe3O4 are not fully assessed, particularly for soil living invertebrates, which are among the ones in the first line of exposure. Research has showed that longer-term exposure time is required to assess hazards of NMs, not predicted when based on shorter time and are therefore recommended. Thus, in the present study the effects of Fe3O4 NMs and FeCl3 were assessed in the terrestrial environment, using the soil model species Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), throughout its entire lifespan (202 days). Two animals’ density were used: 1 (D1) and 40 (D40) animals per replicate, in LUFA 2.2 soil. The endpoints were survival and reproduction monitored over-time, up to 202 days. Results showed that density clearly affected the toxicity response, with higher toxicity and lower lifespan in D1 compared to D40. Overall, FeCl3 was more toxic than Fe3O4 NM in terms of reproduction, however, adult animals can be at higher (long-term) risk when exposed to Fe3O4 NM. Differences might be linked to slower Fe kinetics for the Fe3O4 NMs, i.e., slower Fe dissolution and release of ions.
Source: Aging
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Funders: European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Ministério da Educação e Ciência, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Ministério da Educação, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Awards: G1410350336, G1425986340, G2149047050, G2219685250, BIOmaterial RIsk MAnagement, G2673245850, G2734793695, G2736865772, G2840754809, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Establishing a Nanotechnology Risk Governance Framework, G3783317134, G4090066734, SMART - SysteMs toxicology Approach to assess the Risks of smart and advanced materials in Terrestrial ecosystems – towards an intelligent strategy in hazard prediction, G4200476147, G4710663781, G4937468798, G6860305239, G6997658380, G7441985484, G7763239512, BELA: gEenoma com apLicações de larga escala para um modelo de ecotoxicologia de solo – uma base de conhecimento para descobrir mecAnismos (nanopesti_cidas), G8326934881, G8839327758, G929281750
OpenAlex ID: W4403729431