Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case–control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study
Year: 2024
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis Some studies find an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children exposed to antibiotics. We investigated if exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes. Methods We used data from a Swedish case–control study (Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes [ESTRID]: LADA, n=597; type 2 diabetes, n=2065; control participants matched on participation time, n=2386) and a case–control study nested within the Norwegian Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) (n=82/1279/2050). Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes indicating antibiotic dispensations were retrieved from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register and Norwegian Prescription Database. Multivariable adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were estimated by conditional logistic regression and pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting. Results We observed no increased risk of LADA with exposure to antibiotics up to 1 year (ORpooled 1.15, 95% CI 0.93, 1.41) or 1–5 years (ORpooled 0.98, 95% CI 0.80, 1.20) prior to diagnosis/matching for one or more vs no dispensation of any type of antibiotic. An increased risk was observed for one or more vs no dispensations of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, but not broad-spectrum antibiotics, 6–10 years prior to LADA diagnosis (ORpooled 1.39, 95% CI 1.01, 1.91), which was driven by the Swedish data. There was little evidence of an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with antibiotic exposure 1–10 years prior to diagnosis. Conclusions/interpretation We found no evidence that exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics up to 10 years prior to diagnosis increases the risk of LADA. There was some indication of increased LADA risk with exposure to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which warrants further investigation. Graphical Abstract
Source: Diabetologia
Institutions: Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Lund University, Region Stockholm, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St Olav's University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Folkhälsans Forskningscentrum
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,290
Funders: Bo and Kerstin Hjelt Diabetes Foundation, Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, Crafoordska Stiftelsen, Lunds Universitet, Karolinska Institutet, Novo Nordisk, Vetenskapsrådet, Lund University Medical Faculty Foundation, Direktör Albert Påhlssons Stiftelse, Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd, Diabetesfonden, Novo Nordisk Fonden
Awards: G2004031785, Diabetes subclassification - new genes and novel mechanisms, G223563082, G263730981, G2725911048, G3918735012, Risk factors for LADA and type 2 diabetes, steps towards lifestyle precision medicine, LADA-LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS, RISK FACTORS AND PROGNOSIS, G7000675311, G712881263, LUDC-IRC för individanpassad medicin i diabetes, G8482826862
OpenAlex ID: W4403829863