gSeaGen code by KM3NeT: An efficient tool to propagate muons simulated with CORSIKA
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The KM3NeT Collaboration has tackled a common challenge faced by the astroparticle physics community, namely adapting the experiment-specific simulation software to work with the CORSIKA air shower simulation output. The proposed solution is an extension of the open source code gSeaGen, which allows the transport of muons generated by CORSIKA to a detector of any size at an arbitrary depth. The gSeaGen code was not only extended in terms of functionality but also underwent a thorough redesign of the muon propagation routine, resulting in a more accurate and efficient simulation. This paper presents the capabilities of the new gSeaGen code as well as prospects for further developments. Program summary Program title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.2 Developer's respository link: git.km3net.de/opensource/gseagen Licensing provisions: BSD 3-Clause Programming language: C++ Nature of problem: Integration of the state-of-the-art extensive air shower Monte Carlo event generator CORSIKA [1] into the atmospheric muon simulation for water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes. The primary use case considered is the KM3NeT experiment [2] , however, the code should be able to cover other similar experiments as well. The challenges in this work included interfacing the CORSIKA binary output, efficient handling of already generated events to reduce the overall computational cost, and preserving all the additional available information, which can be invaluable in physics analyses. Solution method: The readout of CORSIKA simulation was adapted from the base script provided together with CORSIKA and implemented as a standalone flux driver in gSeaGen. The propagation routine has been redesigned to support the geometry of extensive air shower simulations and to improve its efficiency in propagating particles to the detector. To ensure a reliable modelling of muon energy loss and scattering, PROPOSAL [3] was set as the default internal code for muon transport. PROPOSAL is an open-source software developed and maintained by the IceCube collaboration [4] and is a well-established solution used by the neutrino physics community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE [5] version 3.4.0 and PROPOSAL 6.1.5. Currently, linking of gSeaGen to GENIE is mandatory, even in the case of a muon-only simulation using CORSIKA. References [1] D. Heck et al., FZKA-6019 (1998). [2] S. Adrián-Martínez et al., J. Phys. G, Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] M. G. Aartsen et al., 2017 JINST 12 P03012. [5] C. Andreopoulos et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87.
Source: Computer Physics Communications
Authors: S. Aiello, A. Albert, A.R. Alhebsi, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, L. Aphecetche, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, H. Atmani, J. Aublin, F. Badaracco, L. Bailly-Salins, Z. Bardačová, B. Baret, A. Bariego-Quintana, Y. Becherini, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, M. Benhassi, M. Bennani, D.M. Benoit, E. Berbee, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Boettcher, D. Bonanno, A.B. Bouasla, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, R.M. Bozza, H. Brânzaş, F. Bretaudeau, M. Breuhaus, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, A. Capone, F. Carenini, V. Carretero, T. Cartraud, P. Castaldi, V. Cecchini, S. Celli, L. Cerisy, M. Chabab, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J.A.B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, A. Condorelli, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G. Cuttone, R. Dallier, A. De Benedittis, B. De Martino, G. De Wasseige, V. Decoene, I. Del Rosso, L.S. Di Mauro, I. Di Palma, A.F. Díaz, D. Diego-Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, E. Drakopoulou, D. Drouhin, J.-G. Ducoin, R. Dvornický, T. Eberl, E. Eckerová, A. Eddymaoui, T. van Eeden, M. Eff, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, S. El Hedri, V. Ellajosyula, A. Enzenhöfer, G. Ferrara, M.D. Filipović, F. Filippini, D. Franciotti, L.A. Fusco, S. Gagliardini, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, A. Garcia Soto, C. Gatius Oliver, N. Geißelbrecht, E. Genton, H. Ghaddari, L. Gialanella, B.K. Gibson, E. Giorgio, I. Goos, P. Goswami, S.R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, C. Guidi, B. Guillon, M. Gutiérrez, C. Haack, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, L. Hennig, J.J. Hernández-Rey, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, G. Illuminati, D. Joly, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B.J. Jung, P. Kalaczyński, G. Kistauri, C. Kopper, A. Kouchner, Y.Y. Kovalev, V. Kueviakoe, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Kvatadze, M. Labalme, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, A. Lazo, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, V. Lemaître, E. Leonora, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lindsey Clark, F. Longhitano, F. Magnani, J. Majumdar, L. Malerba, F. Mamedov, J. Mańczak, A. Manfreda, M. Marconi, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, C. Markou, L. Martin, M. Mastrodicasa, S. Mastroianni, J. Mauro, G. Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, M.L. Mitsou, C.M. Mollo, L. Morales-Gallegos, A. Moussa, I. Mozun Mateo, R. Muller, M.R. Musone, M. Musumeci, S. Navas, A. Nayerhoda, C.A. Nicolau, B. Nkosi, B. Ó Fearraigh, V. Oliviero, A. Orlando, E. Oukacha, D. Paesani, J. Palacios González, G. Papalashvili, V. Parisi, E.J. Pastor Gomez, C. Pastore, A.M. Păun, G.E. Păvălaş, S. Peña Martínez, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, R. Pestes, P. Piattelli, A. Plavin, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, J. Prado, S. Pulvirenti, C.A. Quiroz-Rangel, N. Randazzo, S. Razzaque, I.C. Rea, D. Real, G. Riccobene, J. Robinson, A. Romanov, E. Ros, A. Šaina, F. Salesa Greus, D.F.E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez Losa, S. Sanfilippo, M. Sanguineti, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, H.M. Schutte, J. Seneca, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, A. Sharma, Y. Shitov, F. Šimkovic, A. Simonelli, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, D. Stavropoulos, I. Štekl, S.M. Stellacci, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, H. Thiersen, S. Thoudam, I. Tosta e Melo, B. Trocmé, V. Tsourapis, A. Tudorache, E. Tzamariudaki, A. Ukleja, A. Vacheret, V. Valsecchi, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vannoye, G. Vasileiadis, F. Vazquez de Sola, A. Veutro, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, A. van Vliet, E. de Wolf, I. Lhenry-Yvon, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, D. Zito, J.D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, N. Zywucka
Institutions: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Haute-Alsace, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre de physique des particules de Marseille, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, University of Naples Federico II, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, Nantes Université, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées, Universitat Politècnica de València, Mohammed V University, Université Paris Cité, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Université Paris Diderot, University of Genoa, École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, Czech Technical University in Prague, Comenius University Bratislava, Universitat de València, Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de France
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,160
Funders: National Science Foundation, Belgian American Educational Foundation, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Generalitat Valenciana, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Conseil Régional, Île-de-France, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Narodowe Centrum Nauki, Narodowym Centrum Nauki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Fondation Francqui - Stichting, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, Région Normandie, ESI Group, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, European Research Council, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Labex UnivEarthS, NextGenerationEU
Awards: G1047231290, G1204740081, G120905174, G1323502114, G1380551291, G1390965231, G1451311200, G1545777860, G1622782223, Experimental and theoretical studies of astrophysical high-energy neutrinos in KM3NeT neutrino telescopes, G1767957153, G2027978895, G2045273392, G2101878396, G2489860800, G3222342727, G3223808969, G3480869486, Skúmanie vlastností a interakcií neutrín pomocou reaktorových, atmosférických, astrofyzikálnych neutrín a atómového jadra, G3757907674, G3933399197, G3937332773, G3990174463, G4016415828, G4138161095, G4184616848, G4321818424, G434337789, G4414191887, G4442677895, G4497077741, G4526231891, G4583304758, G4656594441, G51311900, G5752261212, G5920611554, G598502428, G603588730, G631184005, G6396871544, G6800844821, G6874468849, G6948331134, Chemical Elements as Tracers of the Evolution of the Cosmos - Infrastructures for Nuclear Astrophysics, Unifying Neutrino Observatories Searches, G7084143925, G7240651115, G7376787254, G7434936867, G7772014012, G7773004148, G7830810647, G7845620010, G8058166249, G8114839858, G8219391473, Demonstration of Ability to Establish the Mass Ordering of Neutrinos in the Sea, G8378367407, Université de Paris, Earth - Planets - Universe: observation, modeling, transfer, G8930446, G972786147
OpenAlex ID: W4404347097