The anaemia battle: Strategies for adolescent women’s health in India
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Sir, The article titled “Effect of oral vitamin C administration along with iron supplementation for treating anaemia among adolescent girls - Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis”[1] published in February issue 13(2):p 537-541 mentioned the importance of vitamin C in combination with iron supplementation for treating anaemia, highlighting the imperative for further efforts in combating anaemia to stem its escalating prevalence. Anaemia resulted in an estimated loss of about 50.3 million years of healthy life due to disability (YLDs) globally in 2019, with the highest YLDs observed in South Asia, Western Sub-Saharan Africa, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. In these regions, anaemia represents a significant health concern for women of reproductive age, particularly adolescents. In India, the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent women increased from 54.2% to 58.9% over the past decade. Among the 28 Indian states, 21 reported a rise in anaemia prevalence.[2] Adolescent women, constituting 17% of India’s female population, face considerable anaemia risks due to rapid growth and menstrual iron loss.[3] Inadequate nutrition, chronic diseases, and limited healthcare access worsen vulnerability. Poverty is a major contributor to anaemia in women, constraining nutrition and healthcare access. Societal norms prioritise male dietary needs, exacerbating micronutrient deficiencies in girls. Limited education amplifies risks, particularly during pregnancy. Cultural and socioeconomic factors intertwine, shaping anaemia prevalence. Addressing these complex influences is crucial for global women’s health and well-being. Since 2000, the Adolescent Girls Anaemia Control Program began providing weekly IFA supplements to school-going girls. In 2013, the government adopted the National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI), advocating weekly iron supplements for all reproductive-age women. Launched in 2018, the Intensified National Iron Plus Initiative, “Anaemia Mukt Bharat,” aimed to eradicate anaemia. Despite these efforts, prevalence persists, suggesting the need for a comprehensive approach considering all causes and program adjustments. In rural India, adolescent IFA tablet intake varies, with only half reporting consistent usage. Individual beliefs and perceptions about IFA are crucial, while social norms, particularly gender norms, significantly impact uptake. Monitoring service availability and accessibility is vital. Empowering adolescents with knowledge about local, affordable, and nutritious food options, coupled with targeted IFA distribution, is pivotal in combating anaemia. Addressing social and cultural barriers ensures nutritional needs are met and the consequences of anaemia understood. Education empowers adolescents to make informed decisions, breaking the cycle of anaemia for a healthier future.[4] Prior studies on anaemia among adolescent women in India were geographically restricted, hindering broad insights. None have examined national or state-level trends over time, leaving a critical gap in understanding. Thus, requiring a comprehensive analysis to grasp the evolving burden of anaemia in this demographic.[3] Neglected factors like early marriage, childbearing, inadequate reproductive health and sanitation, and a lack of surveillance and monitoring of existing programs in a few states contribute significantly to adolescent anaemia. Educating adolescents on hygiene and the health risks of early childbearing is crucial for their overall well-being. Implementing rigorous monitoring and program adjustments to address the aforementioned overlooked factors can alleviate the burden of the disease.[5,6] Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Authors: Divya Madamanchi, Akash Nagar
Language: English
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $450
OpenAlex ID: W4404432795