Evaluation of a direct lymphocyte proliferation test for the diagnosis of canine food allergies with delayed reactions after oral food challenge
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In humans, food allergies (FAs) are divided into those with immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated (immediate FA), cell-mediated (delayed FA) or both mechanisms (mixed FA). In dogs, lymphocyte stimulation tests have the highest concordance with oral food challenges (OFCs). OBJECTIVES: To report the evaluation of a lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) in dogs with FA and delayed reactions (≥6 h) after OFC. ANIMALS: Thirty-five healthy and 28 dogs with delayed FA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and automatically counted before and after a 5-day culture with food allergens. Stimulation indices (SIs) were then calculated. Food allergen-specific IgE was quantified using the Pet Allergy Xplorer (PAX). RESULTS: None of the 10 healthy laboratory beagles and 25 healthy pet dogs had an SI greater than the 3.0 cut-off, indicating a specificity of 100%. All 28 dogs with delayed FA had at least one positive stimulation to a food item that induced delayed flares after OFC; the sensitivity of this LPT for the identification of delayed canine FA was 100%. The LPT correctly identified 57 of 68 food items causing delayed flares after OFC (84%). The PAX was negative for food-specific IgE in 18 of the 28 dogs (64%), as expected for delayed FA. In three dogs (11%), PAX results overlapped with those of the LPT, suggesting a mixed FA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Food allergies with delayed reactions after OFC-those suspected of having a cell-mediated mechanism-seemed to be the most common type of FA in the studied dogs. The LPT was helpful in identifying such cases.
Source: Veterinary Dermatology
DOI: 10.1111/vde.13312
Authors: Carlos Fernandez‐Lozano, Ana Mas‐Fontao, Silvia T. Auxilia, Marie Welters, Alla Olivrī, Ralf S. Mueller, Thierry Olivry
Institution: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Language: English
Subfield: Immunology and Allergy
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4404599501