Dynamic Emergence of Plate Motions and Great Megathrust Earthquakes Across Length and Time Scales
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: The slow motion of tectonic plates over thousands of kilometers is intermittently interrupted by great earthquakes with sudden slips localized near convergent plate boundaries. We developed a subduction model that self‐consistently integrates buoyancy forces, diffusion and dislocation creep, and inter‐plate friction. From the nonlinear dynamics emerge long‐term plate motions that achieve velocities of cm/year, effective viscosities of Pas below plates, and sudden slips up to m repeating every several hundred years. Along‐strike resistance arising from long‐wavelength variation of coseismic slip is naturally incorporated with a rupture length scale, . Computations with km generate events with . When decreases, there is a commensurate decrease in the effective moment of rupture events. Predicted long‐term plate velocities, mantle viscosities, cycles of stress loading and release, and rupture event size and magnitude all show good agreement with observations.
Source: Geophysical Research Letters
DOI: 10.1029/2024gl110821
Authors: Jiaqi Fang, Michael Gurnis, Nadia Lapusta
Institution: California Institute of Technology
Language: English
Subfield: Geophysics
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,900
OpenAlex ID: W4404651914