A comparison of accommodative parameters between diabetics and hypertension case group with presbyopic age-matched control group
Year: 2024
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Dear Editor, Presbyopia is a common eye condition that occurs as people age, mostly around 40 years or above. It involves the gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on near objects.[1] Accommodation is the process through which the eye adjusts its focusing ability from distant to near objects by changing the shape of the crystalline lens.[2] Ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy contributed by diabetes, are the leading cause of blindness worldwide.[3] Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality.[4] Previous research has often focused on one condition at a time or compared diabetics only to controls. By directly comparing these groups, our study provides a more comprehensive understanding of how systemic health conditions impact accommodative function. In our study, we aim to show the effects of hypertension as well as diabetics on the presbyopic age-matched control group. We conducted a study in the outpatient tertiary medical center on presbyopic patients, in which 50 diabetics with type II, 50 hypertension, and 50 healthy controls were included with ages more than 40 years and no history of any ocular surgery and ocular diseases. Accommodative tests included near point of accommodation (NPA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative accommodation (PRA), accommodative facility (AF), and amplitude of accommodation (AOA) using the minus lens method. Our study suggests that the mean NPA blur and recovery value was 22 ± 2.52 cm and 28 ± 2.38 cm, respectively, in diabetic cases and 16.5 ± 3.70 cm and 21 ± 3.63 cm in the control group, whereas this difference was found to be statistically significant (<0.001) in both groups upon comparison. The mean Amplitude of Accommodation using the minus lens method was less in diabetes (4.54 ± 0.13) groups and hypertension group (4.54 ± 0.12) which was compared to control (5.55 ± 0.13) (P<0.001)respectively. The difference in the mean AF was statistically significant (<0.001) in both diabetes (2 ± 0.92) and hypertension (3 ± 1.03) groups when compared with that of the control group (6 ± 0.77). The mean AOA using the minus lens method was 4.54 ± 0.13 in diabetes type 2 and 5.55 ± 0.953 in control groups, whereas it was 4.54 ± 0.12 in the hypertension group, and it reached statistical significance (<0.001). The mean PRA was −1.5 ± 0.71 D in the diabetes group, −1.5 ± 0.94 D in the hypertension group, and −1.50 ± 0.41 D in the control group, which did not have a significant difference. The mean NRA was 2 ± 0.79 D in diabetes type 2, 2.5 ± 0.70 D in hypertension, and 2.25 ± 0.42 D in the control groups, which had no significant difference (P = 0.806 control vs diabetics, P = 0.399 control vs Hypertension) [Table 1].Table 1: Binocular accommodative parameters in the study populationIn our study, we found that all the accommodative parameters, excluding NRA and PRA, seemed to deteriorate more in the diabetics and hypertension groups, compared to the control group. In these early diagnoses, suitable rehabilitation and the use of proper corrective lenses may reduce symptoms and most likely enhance the quality of life. Financial support and sponsorship: Nil. Conflicts of interest: There are no conflicts of interest.
Source: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Institution: Goa Medical College
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4404839406