Health risk associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dumpsites in southwestern Nigeria
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain poorly understood, despite their detrimental impacts and role as human mutagens in developing countries such as Nigeria, disruptors, and malignancies. Five dumpsites in South-Western Nigeria were investigated to determine PAH concentrations in soil: Ojota and Oko filling in Lagos state, Ijagun in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, and Okitipupa and Irele LGA in Ondo state. The amount of PAHs was assessed using GC-FID. PAHs compounds had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/kg, quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 µg/kg, and recovery rates of 82.4 %-95.2 %. At site A (Idimu, oko-filling), BkF had the highest mean PAH concentration (10.94 mg/kg). B(g,h,i)P was second with 3.19 mg/kg, DB(ah)A third with 2.86 mg/kg, and Phen fourth with 1.16 mg/kg, for a total of 19.95 mg/kg. At site B (Ojota dumping), no Flu, Ant, Flt, Cry, B(a)A, B(b)f, or B(k)F concentrations were identified, but the total PAH concentration was 51.44 mg/kg. The highest mean concentration of PAH was B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg), followed by IP (5.43 mg/kg), B(g,h,i)P (4.27 mg/kg), and DahA (3.96 mg). The overall concentration at location C (Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode) was 5.80 mg/kg. Flt Nap, Acy, Flu, Ant, Nap, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, DB(ah)A, IP, B(b)F, and B(g,h,i)P were not found at site D. The only concentrations listed were Ace (0.74 mg/kg) and B(a)P (1.34 mg/kg). The total concentration measured at Site D was 12.12 mg/kg. Site E, like site D, contained no mean concentrations of B(g,h,i)P, Flt, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, B(b)F, IP, DB(ah)A, or Ant. The mean organic carbon , pH, and electrical conductivity values were 1.26–1.64 mg/kg, 7.02–8.02, and 84.33–249.33 μS/cm 3 , respectively. Total PAHs correlated positively with pH but negatively with electrical conductivity and organic carbon . The total HQ value was 1.3 × 10 -4 , with individual values ranging from 9.3 × 10 -6 to 2.4 × 10 -6 . The data show a substantial ecological risk and potential hazard associated with PAH exposure at a regional dumpsite.
Authors: Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya, Treasure Ejodamen Omotade, Okechukwu Solomon Ihuoma
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,080
OpenAlex ID: W4405131018