Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult
Year: 2024
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal entity characterized by an unregulated activation of the immune system. In the adult population, it is most commonly secondary to infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic diseases. We present a case of a 23-year-old female diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and hospitalized due to a persistent three-week fever and malaise with a new onset of jaundice and findings compatible with acute hepatitis and hepatosplenomegaly. Due to a lack of response to standard supportive care, maintained fever, persistent analytical worsening (hyperferritinemia, bicytopenia, cytocholestasis, and hypertriglyceridemia), and hemophagocytocic phenomena on myelogram, the diagnosis of HLH secondary to Epstein-Barr virus infection was attained. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids was initiated with a continuously favorable evolution. This case aimed to describe and highlight the complexity of the diagnostic approach and the urgency of directed therapeutic attitudes in the management of HLH.
Source: Cureus
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.75279
Authors: Rafael Pinheiro Ramos, Joana Névoa, João Campos Cunha, Gonçalo Sarmento
Institution: Unidade Local de Saúde de Entre Douro e Vouga
Language: English
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4405132046