Characterization of flavone C-glycosides and phenolic compounds in tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) seed germ flour by HPLC coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: The cotyledon or germ of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa, Fabaceae family) is a protein (45%, w/w) and polyphenol-rich (14.9 g kg-1) byproduct of the extraction of tara seed gum (E417). In this work, the polyphenols of tara seed germ (TSG) were comprehensively characterized for the first time using HPLC-diode array detector and nanoflow HPLC coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in switching polarity ion mode and stepped collision energy. Apigenin di-C-glycoside derivatives were the largely predominant phenolic compounds of TSG. The estimated concentrations of vicenin-2, vicenin-1 and vicenin-3 were 6.7, 1.4 and 1.5 g kg-1, respectively. Several complex flavone C-glycoconjugates, O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl mixed derivatives and O-acylated-di-C-glycosides, among which benzoylated vicenin-2, were putatively assigned based on MS/MS spectra. The MS methods applied was particularly effective to distinguish between possible isomeric acylated derivatives and to confirm their structural difference from multi-glycosylated isobaric compounds. Arguably, TSG is the richest source of flavone C-glycosides described so far. Because of its content of macro- and micro-nutrients, TSG is possible multifunctional food ingredient obtained from byproducts of neglected species although its safety profile remains to be assessed.
Language: English
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,190
OpenAlex ID: W4405614053