Optimizing pre-carbonization temperature in sustainable cow hoof-derived activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: This study focuses on optimizing carbon materials derived from cow hooves (an abundant and sustainable bioresidue) for use as electrodes in supercapacitors, with particular emphasis on the pre-carbonization process prior to chemical activation using environmentally friendly potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ). Pre-carbonization was conducted at varying temperatures (500, 600, and 700 ºC), subsequent chemical activation involved impregnation with K 2 CO 3 at a ratio of 3:1 (activating agent to precursor) and activation at 800 ºC. The resulting activated carbons underwent comprehensive structural and morphological characterization using advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a three-electrode configuration. Among the samples, the material pre-carbonized at 600 ºC exhibited the best electrochemical performance, achieving the highest specific capacitance in the group. When incorporated into a symmetric aqueous supercapacitor, this material achieved an impressive specific capacitance exceeding 200 F/g and demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability over prolonged cycles. This research not only establishes cow hoof-derived carbons as a sustainable and efficient material for supercapacitor electrodes but also provides valuable insights into the design of eco-friendly energy storage systems.
Source: Surfaces and Interfaces
Language: English
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,360
Award: G2718703964
OpenAlex ID: W4405739606