Spinach ameliorates dietary oxidized tallow-induced NAFLD by regulating inflammatory cytokines, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and antioxidant systems
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders globally and is a major clinical concern that is increasing in both industrialized and developing countries. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Spinacia oleracea dried powder in protecting rabbits from the toxicity caused by oxidized-tallow. Methods Oxidized tallow and spinach powder were administered to the rabbits. The phenolic profile of spinach was studied using HPLC-DAD. Investigations were conducted on the liver phospholipid composition, liver-histology analysis, levels of antioxidants, liver-associated inflammatory cytokines, and the serum-lipid profile. Results The findings revealed that the primary constituents of the extracts were gallic acid, luteolin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and chlorogenic acid. Histological and biochemical examination of the liver revealed greater fat storage in the OT-group than in the control or therapy groups. The OT-treated rabbits exhibited increased levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines, decreased antioxidant status, and elevated lipid profiles . After consuming spinach, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α), PPARs, and antioxidants (CATs, SODs, TBARS, GSH-Px, and GSHs) returned to normal. Conclusion Dried spinach powder is an excellent dietary source of liver-protective chemicals that ameliorate NAFLD by reducing proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant status.
Source: Phytomedicine Plus
Authors: Neelab, Alam Zeb, Muhammad Jamil
Institution: University of Malakand
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,500
OpenAlex ID: W4405775079