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Single-session Multilevel Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy in the Treatment of Spinal Compression Fractures

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Back pain is a common problem that affects millions of people worldwide and significantly reduces quality of life.The source of the pain may be collapsed or fractured vertebrae in the spine.Various factors can lead to vertebral collapse or fractures.Aging-related bone mass loss, muscle loss, and the development of kyphotic deformities in the spine can render vertebrae more vulnerable to trauma, increasing the risk of fractures (1) .Multilevel vertebral compression fractures are a serious issue caused by the collapse of multiple spinal bones.This condition can result in chronic pain, loss of mobility, and a significant decrease in quality of life (2) .Patients may struggle to perform daily activities and even become dependent on others (3) .Painkillers, muscle relaxants, physical therapy, and orthopedic braces are conservative treatment methods that can be beneficial in many cases.Particularly in patients with mild to moderate compression fractures, these methods are effectiveObjective: Single-session multi-level vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP) are minimally invasive techniques for spinal compression fracture treatment.This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of three or more KP/VP procedures performed in a single session.Materials and Methods: Between 2017 and 2024, clinical data from 13 patients who underwent single-session multilevel (>3 levels) KP/ VP for spinal compression fractures were retrospectively analyzed.Pain severity was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using the visual analog scale (VAS), while functional recovery was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).The procedure-related complication rates, including cement leakage, were also analyzed and categorized according to clinical significance.Results: A significant reduction in pain levels was observed based on VAS scores (p<0.05).The mean preoperative VAS score was 8.38±1.26,which decreased to 5.15±1.72 in the early postoperative period and further to 2.15±1.14 in the late postoperative period.Similarly, the mean preoperative ODI score was 70.72±11.65,which decreased to 33.56±10.4* in the late postoperative period (p<0.05).The complication rate related to the procedure remained minimal, with a cement leakage rate of 18%.Conclusion: Single-session multi-level KP and VP are reliable and effective treatment methods for spinal compression fractures, and they can significantly reduce pain and achieve functional improvement with a low complication rate.This approach has been implemented in a limited number of centers worldwide and has a high clinical success rate.

Source: Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery

DOI: 10.4274/jtss.galenos.2024.29290