Work

Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features, prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Objective: To explore the characteristics and survival outcomes of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the treatment effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Methods: Patients diagnosed with ovarian SCC at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2000 and September 2023 were included.Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate and multivariate analysis of OS were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: A total of 42 patients were included, with a median age of 51.5 years (range, 23-74).The majority had SCC arising from teratomas (54.8%), followed by endometriosis (14.3%) and Brenner's tumor (2.4%).Patients undergoing molecular testing exhibited a median tumor mutation burden (TMB) of 10.00 mutations/Mb (range, 7.28-46.86),predominantly featuring PIK3CA mutations.Thirty-eight patients (90.5%) received adjuvant chemotherapy.The median OS was 42.0 months, with the 1-and 5-year OS rates were 73.7% and 48.7%, respectively.And the median PFS was 26.9 months, with the 1-and 5-year PFS rates were 57.5% and 43.8%, respectively.Five patients underwent first-line postoperative adjuvant therapy combining ICIs with chemotherapy.During the 9.5 to 25.1 months follow-up, 4 patients showed no evidence of disease, while 1 relapsed and received treatment.Late-stage disease and younger age at diagnosis were associated with worse survival outcomes.Conclusion: The prognosis for ovarian SCC remains unfavorable.The stage and age were prognostic predictors for survival.ICIs may be beneficial for patients with ovarian SCC, particularly those with a high TMB.

Source: Journal of Gynecologic Oncology

DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2025.36.e54