Year: 2024
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background The 2017 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention and Care included air pollution in the list of potential risk factors for dementia. Air pollution has been associated with an increased risk of dementia in observational studies, but the causal relationship remains unclear. In this study, we used a two‐sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and NOX exposure and the occurrence of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Method We extracted 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PM2.5, 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PM10, 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NO2 and 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NOX as instrumental variables from a genome‐wide association study based primarily on European ancestry. Summary‐level statistics were obtained from the Dementia GWAS database and the FinnGen consortium. MR estimation was based on the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method as the primary method, supplemented by the MR‐Egger and weighted median (WM) methods. Finally, multiple validity tests and sensitivity analyses were performed to obtain robust and valid estimates. Result According to the IVW method, we found a positive association between PM10 and AD risk (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.06‐ 3.89, p = 0.03); NO2 may increase the risk of AD (OR: 14.41, 95% CI: 10.95‐ 18.97, p = 0.04). However, there is insufficient evidence that PM2.5 and NOX are associated with an increased risk of future dementia. Conclusion Our study suggests that PM10 and NO2 are causally associated with AD risk. PM10 and NO2 may increase the risk of AD in people of European origin. More animal experiments or population‐based observational studies with long follow‐up are needed in the future to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of PM10, NO2 and AD.
Source: Alzheimer s & Dementia
DOI: 10.1002/alz.090084
Authors: YUNYUN GUO, Shireen Sindi, Rui Wang, Lefkos T Middleton, Miia Kivipelto
Institutions: Imperial College London, Karolinska Institutet
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,000
OpenAlex ID: W4406218848