Work

Revolutionizing green catalysis: a novel amla seed derived biochar modified g-C 3 N 4 ·SO 3 H catalyst for sustainable and versatile synthesis of bis-indoles

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: with chlorosulfonic acid. Both components were combined, pyrolyzed, purified, and comprehensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA, and DTA studies to confirm the successful synthesis and structural integrity. The catalyst demonstrated exceptional efficiency in synthesizing bis-indole derivatives through reactions between substituted indoles (indole, 1-methyl indole, and 6-chloro indole) and carbonyl-containing compounds, including isatins (isatin, 7-(trifluoromethyl)isatin, 5-bromo isatin, and 5-fluoro isatin), aldehydes, cyclo-ketones, dimedone, and acetophenones. These reactions were carried out under simplified conditions using water as a green solvent, promoting sustainability and versatility. A total of 21 bis-indole products were synthesized within 5-45 minutes, achieving yields of 80-98% showcasing the catalyst's outstanding performance. Furthermore, the method was scaled up to gram-level synthesis, and green chemistry metrics were evaluated for all the products, highlighting the environmental and economic benefits of this approach.

Source: Nanoscale Advances

DOI: 10.1039/d4na00891j

Authors: Shivani Soni, Sunita Teli, Pankaj Teli, Shikha Agarwal

Institution: Mohanlal Sukhadia University

Language: English

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles

Subfield: Organic Chemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,962