Work

A review on alternative fuels: Spray characteristics, engine performance and emissions effect

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The reduction of carbon footprint, global warming, and controlling of climate change are the major environmental challenges today. A significant portion of these issues stems from the transportation sector. Researchers worldwide are actively exploring strategies to address these concerns and promote a sustainable ecosystem for the future. This review article provides a detailed analysis of the physical and chemical properties of alternative fuels, fuel spray quality, combustion dynamics, engine performance, and emission characteristics. With a focus on fostering a sustainable and eco-friendly energy future, the study highlights the potential of alternative fuels to reduce emissions while enhancing engine efficiency. Findings reveal that biofuels can lower particulate matter (PM) emissions by 20–30 % compared to conventional gasoline, while synthetic fuels reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 15–25 %. Furthermore, gaseous fuels such as natural gas show an 18–22 % improvement in power output and a 10–15 % reduction in fuel consumption due to their superior combustion efficiency.

Source: Sustainable Futures

DOI: 10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100456

Authors: Muhammed Hafis, K. Balaji, N. Tamilarasan, D. Senthilkumar, R. Sakthivel

Institutions: Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Government of Tamil Nadu

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies

Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

Field: Chemical Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Climate action, Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,340