Recent advances on immunity and hypertension: the new cells on the kidney block
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Over the past 50 years, the contribution of the immune system has been identified in the development of hypertension and renal injury. Both human and experimental animal models of hypertension have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune cells, along with their cytokines and chemokines, modulate blood pressure fluctuations and end organ renal damage. Numerous cell types of the innate immune system, specifically monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, present antigenic peptides to T cells, promoting inflammation and the elevation of blood pressure. These T cells and other adaptive immune cells migrate to vascular and tubular cells of the kidney and promote end-organ fibrosis, damage, and ultimately hypertensive injury. Through the development of high-throughput screening, novel renal and immune cell subsets have been identified as possible contributors and regulators of renal injury and hypertension. In this review, we will consider classical immunological cells and their contribution to renal inflammation, and novel cell subsets, including renal stromal cells, that could potentially shed new light on renal injury and hypertension. Finally, we will discuss how interorgan inflammation contributes to the development of hypertension and hypertension-related multiorgan damage, and explore the clinical implications of the immunological components of renal injury and hypertension.
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Funders: College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Medical University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina, Dialysis Clinics, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences
Awards: G1342445074, G151171139, G1806196891, Sex Differences in Gut Metabolite-Immune Interplay in Hypertension and Renal End-Organ Damage, G3351789246, G4068741443, MUSC Minority Student Development Program, Initiative for Maximizing Student Development, G5164970466, G6058917902, G9000036595, G9000134702
OpenAlex ID: W4406796799