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Universal secondary education, schooling and women ’s empowerment: Evidence from Uganda

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: We evaluate the long-term effects of Uganda’s 2007 Universal Secondary Education (USE) policy, which expanded secondary education access through tuition-fee elimination and increased school capacity. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we exploit variations in birth cohorts and regional exposure to identify the policy’s causal impacts on women’s educational attainment and empowerment. Our results show significant gains in education and empowerment for women in areas with greater program intensity. We also find improvements in women’s labour market outcomes, marriage and fertility outcomes such as delayed age at first sex, birth, and cohabitation, and increased spouse schooling differences. These findings highlight the potential for governments in sub-Saharan Africa to leverage secondary education investments in generating sustained improvement in women’s empowerment.

Source: Journal of Development Economics

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103464

Authors: Douglas Kazibwe, Jinhu Li

Language: English

Topic: Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics

Subfield: Gender Studies

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Gender equality, Reduced inequalities, Quality education, Decent work and economic growth, No poverty

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,590

Funders: Australian Government, Australian Research Council