Pd nanoparticles-functionalized In2O3 based gas sensor for highly selective detection of toluene
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Given the threat posed by toluene to human health and environmental safety, real-time and efficient detection of toluene assumes paramount importance. However, the low chemical reactivity and structural similarity of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) gases impede the attainment of highly selective toluene detection. Herein, palladium-loaded indium oxide nanospheres were successfully synthesized through a combination of solvothermal and post-reduction methods. And the sensor based on 3 mol% Pd-In2O3 exhibits the response to the concentration of 100 ppm toluene (Ra/Rg=21) that is approximately four times better compared to pure indium oxide (Ra/Rg=4) at their respective optimum operating temperatures. Additionally, this sensor exhibited enhanced sensing performance towards toluene, including a low operating temperature of 160°C, exceptional selectivity, and superior stability. Furthermore, an investigation into the detection mechanism of toluene by the Pd-In2O3-based sensor was investigated. The chemical and electron sensitization effects of noble metal palladium result in the higher concentration of carriers and more chemisorbed oxygen of the sensing material, which improves the toluene sensing performance by enhancing the reaction with more toluene gas molecules. Overall, this work provides a basis for the rational design of metal oxide semiconductor sensors with catalytic properties for the highly selective detection of toluene.
Source: Talanta
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,610
Awards: G1748494462, G608536296
OpenAlex ID: W4407087542