Work

Oral versus subcutaneous semaglutide weight loss outcomes after two years among patients with type 2 diabetes in a real-world database

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest has grown in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide long-term outcomes. This retrospective cohort study compared effectiveness of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide for weight loss outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a 2-year treatment period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: = 57) and by age group. RESULTS: Subcutaneous users experienced a mean percentage weight loss of 7.5% (16.7 pounds) with 58.7% and 32.9% achieving ≥5% and ≥10% loss, respectively. Oral users lost 4.4% (8.7 pounds) with 50.9% and 17.5% achieving ≥5% and ≥10% loss, respectively. Significant differences existed between formulations in mean percentage weight change (p-value <0.01) and proportion achieving ≥10% loss (p-value = 0.03), but not in proportion achieving ≥5% loss (p-value = 0.34). Outcomes differed by age within oral semaglutide (p-value = 0.02). Regression analyses adjusted for confounders yielded similar findings. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous users achieved superior weight loss compared to oral users. Older oral users experienced better weight loss compared to younger users. However, no differences were observed between subcutaneous users.

Source: Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2462100

Authors: Jimmy Kwon, Diana Thiara, Jonathan H. Watanabe

Institutions: University of California, Irvine, University of California, San Francisco, University of California San Francisco Medical Center

Language: English

Topic: Diabetes Treatment and Management

Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Funders: University of California, Irvine, Office of the President, University of California