Work

Fatal Outcome of Pembrolizumab-Related Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient With Concurrent Parainfluenza Infection

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Pembrolizumab improves response and survival in triple-negative breast cancer; however, severe immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) are concerning. We present a case of a patient with triple-negative breast cancer on neoadjuvant pembrolizumab who developed high fever and chills after the seventh cycle. Rapid deterioration occurred, leading to multiple-organ failure. Parainfluenza virus was identified in various cultures, and interleukin-6 levels were disproportionately elevated (79 014 ng/L), resulting in the diagnosis of cytokine release syndrome. This case underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and care when parainfluenza infection coincides with immune checkpoint inhibitors due to potentiated immune responses and fatal complications.

Source: Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases

DOI: 10.7326/aimcc.2023.1217

Authors: Wei Hung Hung, Yu-Sheng Hu, Li-Hua Fang, Rong-Long Chen

Institutions: Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

Subfield: Oncology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W4407120629