Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The transition to low- and zero-carbon fuels is the primary driver for reducing emissions in the maritime industry, with methanol and natural gas emerging as the most promising options. However, carbon-based fuels will continue to emit considerable amounts of pollutants during their use phase. This work explores the application of circular economy principles in the shipping industry by integrating carbon capture and utilization technologies. Specifically, we propose a closed-loop system where carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generated onboard is captured using a chemical absorption technology and stored until the ship reaches a port. The captured CO 2 is then unloaded and transported to a fuel production facility, where it reacts with electrolytic hydrogen to regenerate the required propulsion fuel. Here, we evaluate the economic, technical, and future environmental viability of methanol and natural gas as circular marine fuels. Our findings indicate that natural gas could achieve a 65% reduction in CO 2 emissions by 2050, while methanol could lead to 55%, both with a 91% carbon capture rate. However, there is an economic premium of 339 USD tonCO 2 –1 for methanol and 260 USD tonCO 2 –1 for natural gas. Additionally, the shift to circular fuels is expected to increase costs by a factor of 3–6 compared to conventional operations.
Institutions: ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
Language: English
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
OpenAlex ID: W4407123152