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Could postbiotics improve mental health?

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Could postbiotics improve mental health?The gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial component in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis.[1][2][3] This complex network of interactions has been implicated in various mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.Recent literature suggests that an imbalance in gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of these mental disorders by altering neurotransmitter levels, immune responses, and neuroinflammation.4 Mental disorders significantly impact individuals and society, leading to disability and reduced quality of life.While current treatments, including medications and psychotherapy, are effective for many, they may not be universally successful and can have undesirable side effects.This highlights the need for alternative approaches to prevent and treatment for mental disorders.Additionally, recent research indicates a direct link between gut health and mental health, with probiotics-live microorganisms known for their potential role in mental health-being less impactful than their metabolic by-products, termed postbiotics.5 Postbiotics, which include compounds like neurotransmitters, have shown promise in reducing inflammation and promoting intestinal health.[6][7][8] Consuming probiotics through fermented foods or supplements and indirectly consuming postbiotics through probiotic-rich foods or fortified products may improve mental health outcomes.This letter focuses on the potential benefits of postbiotics in preventing and treating mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, bipolar and related disorders, and Psychotic disorders, aiming to explore new approaches for improving mental health.Genetic variations and neurotransmitter imbalances contribute to depression and anxiety, which are prevalent mental health problems affecting millions globally.9 The World Health Organization reports that approximately 280 million people suffer from depression, with women being more likely to experience it than men. 10 Various factors, including family history, stressful life events, and hormonal changes, contribute to the development of depression and anxiety.Conversely, the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the gut-brain axis, influencing stress responses and mental health. 11Studies have also shown differences in the fecal microbiota of individuals with depression compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role for gut bacteria in modulating mental health.10 Moreover, psychotic disorders may be affected by gut microbiota.Probiotic supplementation may influence gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, and modulate immune responses, potentially benefiting patients with schizophrenia by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and supporting cognitive function.Clinical trials have explored the effects of probiotics on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, showing positive effects on symptom severity.12,13 Furthermore, manic illnesses, characterized by elevated mood and energy, can lead to impulsive behavior.Studies suggest that diet and microbiota can influence maniclike behaviors.Probiotic strains have shown potential in reducing mania-like behaviors and improving mood Could postbiotics improve mental health?

Source: BioSocial Health Journal.

DOI: 10.34172/bshj.32