Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Assess the intake of carbohydrate quality and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among diabetes subtypes. METHODS: Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) (recent-onset diabetes (n = 487) and 5-years thereafter (n = 209)) were allocated into severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID, 35%), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD, 3%), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD, 5%), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 28%), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD, 29%). Dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and intake of higher- (≥ 55) and low-GI (< 55) foods, dietary fiber, and total sugar were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire and cross-sectionally associated with cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, blood pressure, fatty liver index) using multivariable linear regression analysis for subtypes with prevalences ≥ 10%. RESULTS: Intake of carbohydrate quality parameters was broadly comparable between the subtypes. Among SAID higher total sugar intake was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (ß (95% CI) relative change per 1 SD increment: - 3.4% (- 6.7; - 0.1)). No clear associations were seen among MOD. Among MARD, a higher dietary GL and higher-GI carbohydrate intake were associated with higher serum triglycerides (10.9% (2.4; 20.1), 12.4% (3.9; 21.5)) and fatty liver index (absolute change: 0.18 (0.06; 0.31), 0.17 (0.05; 0.28)) and lower HDL-cholesterol (- 4.1% (- 7.6; - 0.4), - 4.4% (- 7.8; - 0.8)), whilst higher intake of low-GI carbohydrates and dietary fiber were associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (- 16.0% (- 25.7; - 5.1), - 13.9% (- 24.2; - 2.2)). CONCLUSIONS: Associations of carbohydrate quality parameters with blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, and fatty liver index differed between diabetes subtypes. However, evidence is too preliminary to derive subtype-specific recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093.
Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology
Authors: Katharina S. Weber, Sabrina Schlesinger, Janina Goletzke, Klaus Straßburger, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Sandra Trenkamp, Robert Wagner, Wolfgang Lieb, Anette E. Buyken, Michael Roden, Christian Herder, for the GDS group, M. Roden, H. Al-Hasani, B. Belgardt, G. Bönhof, G. Geerling, R. Guthoff, C. Herder, A. Icks, K. Jandeleit-Dahm, J. Kotzka, O. Kuß, E. Lammert, W. Rathmann, S. Schlesinger, V. Schrauwen-Hinderling, J. Szendroedi, S. Trenkamp, R. Wagner
Language: English
Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,290
OpenAlex ID: W4407198276