Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: NRW are due to unbilled water consumption, unauthorized use, meter inaccuracies, data handling errors, and leakage in pipe or storage tank.NRW is undesirable as it is seen as one of the stumbling block towards achieving sustainable water management.NRW is a world-wide issue.The government of Malaysia has set the target of reducing NRW down to 25% by year 2030.In order to address this issue, the goal of this study is to establish relationship between pipe burst cases and NRW.Characteristics of pipe that influence pipe burst were also investigated.Records of pipe burst cases, and NRW of districts of Tangkak and Muar within the period of 5-year, i.e. from 2018 to 2022 were used to obtain regression relationship.Analyses have shown that 45.2% to 52.9% of pipe burst cases involved pipe with size 150 mm.Pipe with diameter 100 mm contributed to 32.4% to 37.6% of the burst cases.These pipes are located after the service tanks, i.e. within the reticulation system.Materials of 150 mm pipe and 100 mm pipe are mostly of MS and GI.The rate of NRW can be estimated based on number of pipe burst cases BC, where NRW = 7.08BC + 108.7.Rate of NRW is seven-fold of the number of pipe burst case.The R-squared shows that the relationship represented 64.93% of the 5-year data.These results highlighted that pipe burst/leakage is one of the main cause of NRW generation.Further studies can be made to determine whether location of pipe (e.g.subject to traffic loading, or effect of soil characteristics) also plays an important role in burst cases.
Authors: Ranhill SAJ Johor Bahru, Mahfouz Mohd-Dom, Lai-Wai Tan, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Siti Noor Balkhis Zairinna Ngatenah, Ranhill SAJ Johor Bahru, Vincent H Chu, Azlina Md Yassin, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Wei-Sin Tan, Politeknik Port Dickson
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4407268592