Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Abstract: ABSTRACT Premise As the sister clade to angiosperms, gymnosperms are key to enabling the reconstruction of ancestral gene regulatory networks for seed plants. However, tools to rapidly and efficiently investigate gene function in gymnosperms remain limited due to the challenges of long life cycles and large genome sizes. Species within the xerophytic genus Ephedra (Gnetales) have comparatively smaller genomes and shrubby growth habits with shorter life spans, making them better suited for greenhouse cultivation and laboratory experiments. Methods and Results Here, we implement Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) to manipulate gene expression in Ephedra tweedieana. Agrobacterium -mediated vacuum infiltration of Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV2 and TRV1) in seedlings resulted in highly efficient silencing of the E. tweedieana PHYTOENE DESATURASE ortholog EtwPDS . The expected photobleaching phenotype was observed as early as two weeks. It lasted at least three months, in stems, shoot tips, leaves, axillary meristems, and lateral branches of treated plants. Conclusions This first report of transient transformation and targeted gene silencing in a gymnosperm will further enable functional studies of the genetic mechanisms underpinning adaptations in this important and underrepresented lineage of seed plants.
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4407273942