Year: 2020
Type: article
Abstract: The article presents the results of studies carried out in order to determine changes in the agrophysical properties of soil, its microbiological activity and species composition of weeds, depending on the method of soybean cultivation. The studies were carried out by using meadow chernozem-like medium-power soil in the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean in a long crop rotation with 40% of soybean saturation, permanent and repeated soybean crops. Cultivation of soybean in the crop rotation in the end of the growing season resulted in increase, in 20-cm soil layer, in the moisture content available to plants by 6.0-6.8 mm, general porosity by 2.3-2.9%, decrease in soil density by 0.06-0.08 g/cm3 in comparison with repeated and permanent soybean crops. During the growing season, the total number of agronomically useful microorganisms in the permanent crops ranged from 7.5 to 31.5 million CFU/1 g of soil, in the crop rotation – from 17.1 to 26.0. In the soil of the crop rotation, the processes of mineralization proceeded more actively in the phases of the beginning of flowering (mineralization coefficient (Cmin) in the crop rotation – 5.1, in permanent crops – 2.6) and in the phase of ripening of soybeans (Cmin 2.7 and 0.8, respectively), in the remaining phases – at the same level with permanent crops (Cmin 3.7-4.4). The number of weeds, when soybean was placed in the crop rotation, amounted to 66.7 pcs./m2 , which was 2.2 times less than in permanent crops and 4.6 times less than in repeated crops. Soybean cultivation in crop rotation contributed to maintaining optimal conditions for the growth and development of crops and to increase in soybean yield by 0.4 t/ha on average.
Source: Far Eastern Agrarian Herald
Language: English
Subfield: Soil Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDGs: Zero hunger, Life on land
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4407346400