Work

Chemical equilibrium and liquid–liquid equilibrium in ternary mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol between 295 K and 348 K

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol exhibit a ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium, as water and butanol are only partially miscible. In the present work, we study the chemical and liquid-liquid equilibria of the systems (formaldehyde + water + isobutanol) and (formaldehyde + water + n-butanol). The species distributions in the chemical equilibrium of both systems are measured between 298 K and 348 K using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium data are reported between 295 K and 324 K. The experimental data is used to develop a model of the reactive liquid-liquid equilibria for mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/n-butanol. • Research on the reactive LLE of mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol. • Chemical equilibrium of oligomer formation investigated between 298 K and 348 K using NMR spectroscopy. • Ternary LLE measurements between 295 K and 324 K. • Development of UNIFAC-based phase equilibrium model.

Source: Fluid Phase Equilibria

DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2025.114364

Authors: Lukas Winklbauer, Jakob Burger

Institution: Technical University of Munich

Language: English

Topic: Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,630

Funders: Bundesministerium für Verkehr und Digitale Infrastruktur, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe