Work

Bioformulation-Mediated Response of Kalmegh ( Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees, Family Acanthaceae) for Growth, Yield, and Quality

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: A pot culture experiment with nine treatments and three separate replications was established in a completely randomized design (CRD). It was evaluated at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Agricultural University) in Mohanpur, WB, India, for 2 years in a row from January to June in 2021 and 2022. The experiment comprising nine bioformulation treatments, namely, T1: recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, 20 t FYM + 75:75:50 kg NPK ha–1), T2: farmyard manure (FYM) @ 20 t ha–1, T3: T2 + 3% panchagavya, T4: T2 + 6% panchagavya, T5: T2 + 9% panchagavya, T6: T2 + 5% jeevamrutha, T7: T2 + 7.5% jeevamrutha, T8: T2 + 10% jeevamrutha, and T9: control (no nutrients and bioformulations), was evaluated for the growth, quality, and yield of kalmegh along with the study of soil characteristics for two consecutive years. Pooled results revealed that T5 had the highest values for plant height (74.45 cm), plant spread (36.36 cm2), primary (26.26) and secondary (29.18) branch number per plant, number of leaves (94.01) and leaf area (559.50 cm2) per plant, fresh (42.94 g) and dry (18.85 g) herbage yield per plant, total chlorophyll (4.392 mg g–1), and total andrographolides (2.925%). Out of these, plant height (73.39 cm), primary branch number per plant (25.61), leaf parameters (89.46; 530.83 cm2), fresh and dry herb yields (42.00 g and 18.16 g per plant, respectively), and total chlorophyll and andrographolides (3.294 mg g–1 and 2.802%, respectively) were on par with T4. Soil organic carbon (0.84%), available N (274.88 kg ha–1), P (31.72 kg ha–1), and K (293.87 kg ha–1), total count of bacteria (242.50 × 105 CFU g–1 dry soil), fungi (191.33 × 104 CFU g–1 dry soil), and actinomycetes (199.17 × 105 CFU g–1 dry soil) in soil after harvest were the highest in T5, followed by T4. So, the use of 9% panchagavya or 6% panchagavya in organically grown kalmegh will sustain crop production by improving soil health.

Source: ACS Omega

DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c09531

Authors: Pavan Gowda M, Amit B. Sharangi, Safia Obaidur Rab, Mohd Saeed, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, Samra Siddiqui

Institutions: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, King Khalid University, University of Ha'il, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

Language: English

Topic: Agricultural Science and Fertilization

Subfield: Soil Science

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Zero hunger

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,935