Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Efficient, reliable, and low-cost mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are needed to meet the growing demands of many useful applications such as chemical sensing, environmental and greenhouse gas monitoring, detection of pipe leaks and explosives, food safety, medical diagnostics, and industrial process control. We review the developments and status of ICLs from a historic perspective, discuss the lessons learnt from experience, and suggest considerations for future research and development. This review endeavors to include the most representative aspects and activities of ICLs, but cannot possibly describe every contribution in the 30 years since the initiation of ICLs. We present an overall picture of the ICL architecture and connect the fundamental principle and underlying physics to future activities.
Source: Photonics
Authors: Rui Q. Yang, Michael B. Santos
Institution: University of Oklahoma
Language: English
Subfield: Spectroscopy
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
Funder: National Science Foundation
OpenAlex ID: W4407430400