A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current converter (V-I Converter) implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.45 V with an input range of 0.1 V to 0.3 V, the proposed circuit achieves a temperature coefficient of 54.68 ppm/°C, which is at least 2× better than prior works, ensuring stable performance across a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C). The design employs a three-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a Q-reduction frequency compensation technique to produce programmable output currents while maintaining a power dissipation of less than 2.76 μW. With a bandwidth of 34.45 kHz and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −56.66 dB at 1 kHz and 0.1 VPP input signal, the circuit demonstrates high linearity and low power consumption under ultra-low voltage design scenarios. These features make the proposed V-I Converter highly suitable for energy-constrained applications such as biomedical sensors, energy harvesting systems, and IoT nodes, where low power consumption and temperature stability are critical parameters.
Source: Sensors
DOI: 10.3390/s25041204
Authors: Haoze Chen, Pak Kwong Chan
Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W4407615972