Classification of Natural Climatic Zones for Energyefficient Architectural Solutions for Iranian Schools
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the climate classifications in Iran and their influence on the energy efficiency of school architecture. It explores how natural regional factors such as solar intensity, humidity, precipitation, climatic winds, and environmental conditions contribute to developing energy-efficient architectural solutions for schools. The climate zones of Iran are categorized into four, five, and six models, forming the foundation for identifying the key principles of energy efficiency.The four main climate zones of Iran display distinct characteristics. The temperate and humid region along the Caspian Sea experiences elevated rainfall levels, influencing the design of school buildings in terms of water management and material selection. The cold mountainous area in the west, with its significant fluctuations in atmospheric pressure and severe winters, calls for the adoption of compact architectural designs that maximize heat retention. In contrast, the hot and dry region of the central plateau is dominated by intense solar exposure and extreme temperature variations between day and night, making the use of shading devices, natural ventilation, and thick-walled constructions essential for maintaining thermal comfort and energy efficiency.In the hot and humid southern coastal region, particularly along the Persian Gulf, high humidity and elevated temperatures require special consideration of ventilation systems and materials with low thermal conductivity to prevent heat accumulation.Furthermore, the article evaluates how these diverse climatic conditions shape regional architecture and the strategies implemented for energy optimization. Special attention is given to renewable energy solutions, including solar and wind energy, which are particularly effective in the hot and dry central plateau and the windy regions of eastern Iran. In the northern and western regions, the abundance of rainwater can be harnessed for sustainable water management in school facilities.By examining the relationship between climate and architectural design, this article highlights the importance of region-specific solutions that align with the local environment. The findings underscore the need for architectural approaches tailored to each climate zone to achieve energy-efficient and sustainable school infrastructure across Iran.
Language: English
Subfield: Building and Construction
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4407642145