A 28-Year Multicenter Cohort Study of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children, Spain
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: We describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis cases detailed in a 28-year (1996-2023) multicenter cohort from Spain. The case numbers remained stable during the initial prospective phase (2013-2020), but a sharp decline was observed during 2021-2022. Disease onset occurred during spring or June in 45.9% of cases. Mycobacterium avium complex (43.1%) and M. lentiflavum (39.9%) were the most common species detected. M. lentiflavum affected mostly younger children from central Spain. The most common treatment strategy was complete surgical resection with (n = 80) or without (n = 88) antimicrobial drug treatment, followed by antimicrobial drugs alone (n = 76). Facial palsy developed in 10.4% of surgical cases. Adverse events because of antimicrobial drugs were uncommon. New fistula formation during follow-up occurred more in children managed with observation alone than in those treated with antimicrobial drugs alone (relative risk 2.7 [95% CI 1.3-5.3]; p = 0.014).
Source: Emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Aina Martínez-Planas, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Ana Méndez-Echevarría, Teresa Del Rosal, Paula Rodríguez-Molino, Carlos Toro-Rueda, Matilde Bustillo-Alonso, Miguel Lafuente, Anna Canet, Ángela Manzanares, Alfredo Tagarro, Francisco José Sanz-Santaeufemia, Sara Guillén-Martín, María José Cilleruelo, Lola Falcón-Neyra, Begoña Santiago, Elena Rincón, Miguel Lillo, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Luigi Sedda, Clàudia Fortuny, Manuel Monsonís, Julián González-Martín, Marc Tebruegge, Antoni Noguera-Julian, The European Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis In Children Study
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4407822344