Exposure to different types of residential greenness during pregnancy and early childhood and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis: A nested case-control study
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to greenness may protect children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. However, evidence to date is limited while no previous research has independently investigated exposure to prenatal greenness. OBJECTIVE: was tested as a potential mediator of the association. METHODS: Children with ADHD were identified based on a confirmed medical diagnosis. Pregnancy and early childhood exposure to residential greenness were estimated through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 300-m, urban green space and natural green space percentages within 300-m, and the linear distance to the closest green space in meters. We performed a conditional logistic regression to analyze the association between the included greenness metrics and ADHD. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant associations between any of the pregnancy and early childhood greenness metrics and ADHD diagnosis in the BiB cohort. Further analysis on the INMA cohort found that higher urban green space percentage slightly increased the risk of ADHD diagnosis during both pregnancy (total effects: OR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01 to 1.07, p = 0.012; direct effects: OR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.10, p < 0.001) and early childhood (total effects: OR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.00 to 1.07, p = 0.042; direct effects: OR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.00 to 1.07, p = 0.033). However, these associations were not supported by the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This study found both null and inconsistent associations between the included greenness metrics and ADHD. Further research is warranted to elucidate the potential role of exposure to different types of greenness in ADHD diagnosis.
Institutions: University of the Basque Country, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, University of California San Diego, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Erasmus MC, Barcelona Institute for Global Health
Language: English
Topic: Urban Green Space and Health
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,250
Awards: G1505059817, La metilación del ADN como mediador de la exposición prenatal a contaminantes obesógenos en la obesidad infantil, G1929206383, G1930015467, G205230472, G2480682105, G2585906617, G2947762186, G3158803353, INMA-Ado-Urbano. Medio ambiente urbano, entorno psicosocial y > desarrollo neuropsicológico y salud mental en la infancia y > preadolescencia, G4106119142, G4112181810, G4442566642, G4619193523, G4623156685, G4849428099, G5185833053, G5204753571, G5640424767, G6033091583, G7426531139, G7666946026, G8219708615, G854551127, G8728426267, G903740175, G911570904
OpenAlex ID: W4407869798