Using the THINC-integrated tool to compare the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD-D) are both intricate, enduring, and profound psychiatric conditions characterized primarily by depressive episodes and cognitive dysfunction. However, distinguishing the characteristics and influencing factors of cognitive impairment in unipolar and BD-D is crucial for identification and intervention. AIM To compare neurocognitive characteristics and investigate associations between cognitive function and clinical features in unipolar and BD-D. METHODS The THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it) as a cognitive assessment tool was applied to 295 individuals: 75 patients with depressive disorders (MDD), 120 individuals with BD-D, and 100 healthy controls. The Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale-14 (HAMA), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were employed to assess depression, anxiety, and sleep. Neurocognitive function characteristics and the relationships between cognitive impairment and general clinical attributes were analyzed. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the overall THINC-it with each objective subscale. However, the subjective subscale (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5-item) showed significant differences between MDD and BD-D (P < 0.001). Linear regression analyses were explored to determine associations. Age, years of education, age at onset, and HAMD were significantly co-associated with the overall THINC-it and each subscale in both MDD and BD-D (P < 0.05). Furthermore, years of education showed a positive correlation with objective cognitive impairment (e.g. , Codebreaker, Trails) (P < 0.05). There was a notable difference in that the number of depressive episodes, disease duration, hospitalizations, HAMA, and PSQI were significantly associated with the overall THINC-it with each subscale between MDD and BD-D (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although both unipolar and BD-D showed similar objective cognitive impairments, there was a significant difference in subjective cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that factors like age, years of education, age at onset, and depression severity might not be significantly difference in the influence of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we found that education was a protective factor for cognitive impairment in both unipolar and BD-D. Our analysis revealed that distinct factors including disease duration, number of depressive episodes, hospitalizations, anxiety levels, and sleep quality influenced cognitive impairment between unipolar and BD-D. Therefore, it was important to investigate the specific characteristics of cognitive impairment and influencing factors to identify differentiating unipolar and BD-D.
Source: World Journal of Psychiatry
Authors: Na Zhu, Qi Zhang, Jia Huang, Jie Tong, Heng-Fen Gong, Ming-Huan Zhu, Wei Lu, Jie Zhang, Xi-Rong Sun
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funders: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Alzheimer's Association, Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Sanofi, Gilead Sciences, Simmons College, United Nations Population Fund, Jackson State University, Northwestern University, San Diego State University, Durban University of Technology, Michigan State University, Danone, National Center for Child Health and Development, Helsingin Yliopisto, Hamad Medical Corporation, Brandeis University, Tulane University, Case Western Reserve University, Drexel University, Bournemouth University, University of the Punjab, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Nova Southeastern University, University of Chichester, Wellcome Trust, An-Najah National University, Public Health Agency of Canada, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Research Institute, Indivior, Brien Holden Vision Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Novavax, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ahmadu Bello University, University of Embu, Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University, Chest Research Foundation, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, York University, University College London, University of Oxford, University of Bristol, National Heart Foundation of Australia, Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Nanyang Technological University, Public Health Agency, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Technology Sydney, Queensland University of Technology, University of Canberra, Public Health England, Ain Shams University, Chungnam National University, Kosin University, Seoul National University, Kyung Hee University, Korea University, Islamic Azad University, Delhi Technological University, Lunds Universitet, Fudan University, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Universitat de València, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Jordan University of Science and Technology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Tsinghua University, Novo Nordisk, Tel Aviv University, Universiti Malaya, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali, Taipei Medical University, National Health Research Institutes, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Astellas Pharma, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, North-West University, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Technische Universität München, University of Haifa, Göteborgs Universitet, Universidade de Lisboa, Universidad de Chile, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Wuhan University, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, University of Cape Town, National Research University Higher School of Economics, King Khalid University, Chungnam National University Hospital, Nanjing University, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Universität Ulm, The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance, International Medical University, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Servier, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, University of Namibia, H. Lundbeck A/S, Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Samara University, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Wolkite University, Seqirus, Cochrane South Africa, National Institutes of Health, Directorate for Biological Sciences, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, University of California, Irvine, Abbott Diagnostics, Medical Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Center for International Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
OpenAlex ID: W4407925226