The evolution of galaxy morphology from redshift z=6 to 3: Mock JWST observations of galaxies in the ASTRID simulation
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: We present mock JWST observations for more than 250,000 different galaxies from the Astrid simulation with 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 . The mock observations are made using the BPASS stellar SED model, and a simple dust model. They are then viewed through NIRCam filters, convolved with a PSF, have noise added, and are drizzled together to emulate the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. We analyse this dataset by computing a number of morphological measures and find our catalog to have comparable statistics to similar mock catalogs, and the first release of CEERS data. We find that most of the Sersic indices of galaxies in our redshift range are lower than observed, with most having n less than one. Additionally, we observe the sizes of galaxies of all masses to increase from redshift z=6 to redshift z=3 consistent with other results. The number of galaxies in our catalog allows us to examine how relationships like the mass-size relation evolve with redshift, and compare the accuracy of a variety of traditional galaxy classification techniques (Sersic fit, Asymmetry-Concentration, and Gini- M 20 ) within our redshift range. We find the mass-size relation to be nearly flat at redshift z=6, and consistently increases as redshift decreases, and find the galaxy classification methods have minimal correlation with each other in our redshift range. We also investigate the impact that different stages of our imaging pipeline have on these morphological measures to determine how robust mock catalogs are to different choices at each step. Finally, we test the addition of incorporating light from AGNs into our pipeline and find that while the population of galaxies that have significant AGN luminosity is low, those galaxies do tend to have higher Sersic indices once the AGN luminosity is added, rectifying some of the systematic bias towards lower Sersic indices present in our dataset.
Source: The Open Journal of Astrophysics
DOI: 10.33232/001c.129991
Authors: Patrick LaChance, Rupert Croft, Yueying Ni, Nianyi Chen, Tiziana Di Matteo, Simeon Bird
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Awards: G1644213021, G2036796728, G2085766551, G215948905, The First Billion Years: a Petascale Universe of Galaxies and Quasars, G2689075568, G3255632420, INTENSITY MAPPING (IM) IS THE USE OF ONE OR MORE EMISSION LINES TO TRACE OUT THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE WITHOUT NEEDING TO RESOLVE INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS (SUCH AS GALAXIES OR GAS CLOUDS). IT IS ONE OF THE MOST PROMISING WAYS TO RADICALLY EXTEND THE SKY SURVEY REVOLUTION IN COSMOLOGY. BY MAKING SPECTRA OF THE ENTIRE SKY RATHER THAN THE ONE PART IN ONE MILLION CAPTURED BY CURRENT FIBER SPECTROGRAPHS ONE WOULD BE SENSITIVE TO ALL STRUCTURE. THERE ARE POTENTIALLY HUGE DISCOVERIES TO BE MADE IN THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE SKY THAT IS CURRENTLY SPECTRALLY UNMAPPED AND ALSO GREAT GAINS IN SIGNAL TO NOISE OF COSMOLOGICAL CLUSTERING MEASUREMENTS. INTENSITY MAPPING WITH THE 21CM RADIO LINE HAS BEEN EXPLORED THEORETICALLY BY MANY AND INSTRUMENTS ARE BEING BUILT PARTICULARLY TARGETING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION. IN THE UV VISIBLE AND INFRARED HOWEVER OTHER LINES HAVE ENORMOUS PROMISE AND WILL BE EXPLOITED BY A RANGE OF FUTURE NASA MISSIONS INCLUDING WFIRST EUCLID AND THE PROPOSED SPHEREX INSTRUMENT A DEDICATED INTENSITY MAPPING SATELLITE.THE FIRST MEASUREMENT OF LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OUTSIDE THE RADIO (USING LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION) WAS RECENTLY MADE BY THE PI AND COLLABORATORS. THE LY-A ABSORPTION LINE ALSO TRACES A CONTINUOUS COSMOLOGICAL FIELD THE LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST AND THE ENORMOUS RECENT INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF OBSERVED QUASAR SPECTRA HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE TO INTERPOLATE BETWEEN QUASAR SIGHTLINES TO CREATE THREE DIMENSIONAL MAPS. BEING ABLE TO TRACE THE SAME COSMIC STRUCTURE IN EMISSION AND ABSORPTION OFFERS HUGE ADVANTAGES WHEN WE SEEK TOUNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES INVOLVED. IT WILL HELP US MAKE COMPREHENSIVE MAPS OF THE UNIVERSE'S CONTENTS AND OFFER US THE OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE NEW POWERFUL COSMOLOGICAL TESTS.IN OUR PROPOSED WORK WE WILL EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITIES AFFORDED BY TAKING GRISM AND INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTRA OF LARGE VOLUMES OF THE UNIVERSE USING STATE-OF-THE-ART COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS. WE WILL MAKE USE OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED FOR THE LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST AS WELL AS FOREST DATA ITSELF TO TEST THEM. OUR AIM IS TO DEVELOP INTENSITY MAPPING AS A COSMOLOGICAL TOOL AND SHOWHOW IT CAN BE USED TO ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CONTENTS OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE FORMATION OF STRUCTURE THAT ARE NOT ACCESSIBLE TO TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES. THE PROJECT WILL INVOLVE BOTH DIRECT SAMPLING OF COSMIC STRUCTURE AND CROSS-CORRELATIONS OF LINE INTENSITY AND OBJECTS (INCLUDING GALAXIES QUASARS AND ABSORPTION LINES). EMISSION (E.G. H-ALPHA EMISSION) AND ABSORPTION (LY ALPHA FOREST) WILLBE VIEWED AS CONTINUOUS FIELDS. USING LARGE VOLUME COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS COMBINED WITH POPULATION SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES WE WILL MAKE SIMULATED SPECTRAL DATA SETS. THE TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE THESE COSMOLOGICAL DATA CUBES WILL BE DEVELOPED. THE EXPECTED OUTCOMESARE THE FOLLOWING:(A) PREDICTIONS FOR THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF STRONG EMISSION LINES (INCLUDING HA HB LYA OII OIII) IN THE UNIVERSE USING HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS INCLUDING THE CONTRIBUTION FROM ALL COMPONENTS FROM QUASARS TO DIFFUSE EMSSION.(B) SIMULATIONS OF REALISTIC EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF IM AS A COSMOLOGICAL PROBE} INCLUDING BARYON OSCILLATIONS AND WEAK GRAVITATIONAL LENSING.(C) TESTS OF TECHNIQUES TO DETECTION AND QUANTIFY THE LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS UNIVERSE LEADING TO A COMPLETE CENSUS OF THE COSMIC INTENSITY IN SPECIFIC LINES SUCH AS OII AND HA.(D) DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES TO EXTRACT REDSHIFTS FOR INDIVIDUAL GALAXIES FROM LOW ANGULAR RESOLUTION IM SPECTROSCOPY.(E) MOCK CATALOGS FOR SPHEREX EUCLID AND WFIRST SPECTROSCOPY OF DIFFUSE EMISSION AS WELL AS FOR THE GALEX GRISM SURVEY AND TESTS OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES ON DATA FROM THE LATTER., G4141385174, G429049874, G4349310131, New Vistas in Weak Lensing, G7652594471, G824294325, AI Institute: Planning: Physics of the Future, Quasars and Large Scale Structure: Gigaparsec-scale simulations confront Large Survey Data, G8874552525
OpenAlex ID: W4407979169