Agricultural Tools for Surface Soil Cultivation
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The object of the study is the process of finding a rational form of the tillage working organ of the drum type for reducing resistance when it is deepened into the soil. The working bodies of agricultural implements have different shapes: spring teeth, knives, cutters, chisels, paws, disks. They all interact with the soil environment, and can be active or passive. However, both in the first and in the second case, the resistance to their movement should be minimal. The article considers the shape of a curved tooth, which is fixedly fixed between two cylindrical discs that form a section. Several sections fixed on the shaft can form a drum. Such a tool can work like a side roller or a needle harrow, when they roll, the curved tooth is forcibly immersed in the soil with its subsequent loosening. It is proposed such a curvilinear shape of the tooth, which would work like a shovel: at the first stage of immersion in the soil, it glided as much as possible along it and deformed it minimally, and at the second stage it weighed it and turned it over. Such a process of deformation of the soil should reduce the resistance to its cultivation at the first stage, which determines the relevance of the research. The purpose of the work is to establish an analytical description of the shape of a curved tooth or blade, which, when immersed in soil, would slide as much as possible along themselves, thereby reducing the resistance to immersion. To do this, the work of the tooth of a rectilinear shape was analyzed, followed by its transformation into a curvilinear one according to the task. This curve of the tooth profile turned out to be the involute of the circle, which is known for its other technical application, such as the profile of the tooth in cylindrical gears. The trajectory of the point of attachment of the tooth to the discs is a cycloid, and its end is an elongated cycloid. Part of loop of elongated cycloid in soil medium forms area of treated soil. For any tooth shape, including straight, its end describes an elongated cycloid, but for a tooth in the form of an involute circle there is a feature. It consists in the fact that at the moment of contact of the tooth with the field surface, the vector of absolute speed is directed perpendicular to it. As the discs roll, the tooth sinks into the soil, and the point of entry into it remains unchanged, and the tooth itself slides almost along itself, especially in the upper layers of the soil. After diving to the maximum depth, he begins to weigh the soil on the surface or loosen it. The article establishes analytical dependencies, provides graphic illustrations on a scale that gives an idea of the work of the working body and the profile of the treated soil. This result makes it possible to make the necessary calculations, which gives the work practical value.
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4408206462