Work

Autonomic function classification and sleep quality among young adults in Central Java, Indonesia: A cluster analysis

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Sleep regulation is linked to autonomic function, with sleep disruptions often indicating dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study conducted a cluster to identify the autonomic function profiles associated with sleep quality. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, in February to April 2023, and recruited 437 individuals aged 18–26 years. Autonomic function was evaluated using heart rate variability parameters, including low-frequency, very-low-frequency, and high-frequency bands. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. A k -means cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns in ANS activity across various clusters, and the optimal number of clusters was determined using the silhouette method. Three clusters of participants with poor sleep quality ( n = 381) were identified. Cluster 1 ( n = 95) exhibited normal overall activity, with low sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and high parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity; Cluster 2 ( n = 81) exhibited high ANS and SNS activity and normal PNS activity; and Cluster 3 ( n = 205) exhibited low PNS and ANS activity and normal PNS activity. Two clusters of participants with good sleep quality ( n = 56) were identified. Cluster 1 ( n = 11) exhibited high ANS and PNS activity and low SNS activity, and Cluster 2 ( n = 45) exhibited low ANS and PNS activity and normal SNS activity. Understanding autonomic function clusters is essential for developing techniques for measuring sleep quality in young adults and establishing effective health promotion programs. • Examined the classification of autonomic function activity among young adults with poor and good sleep quality. • Identified three clusters among those with poor sleep quality and two clusters among those with good sleep quality. • These clusters had a diverse autonomic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system activity levels affecting sleep quality. • Understanding autonomic function clusters aids in evaluating and improving sleep quality patterns.

Source: Preventive Medicine Reports

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103029

Authors: Vivi Leona Amelia, Chia-Hui Wang, Nurina Jihan Yulianti, Jebul Suroso, Min-Huey Chung

Institutions: Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto, Taipei Medical University, RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,610