Citrus-Fruit-Based Hydroxyapatite Anodization Coatings on Titanium Implants
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The increasing demand for titanium implants necessitates improved longevity. Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings enhance implant osseointegration but are susceptible to delamination. Alternatively, anodized hydroxyapatite coatings have shown greater adhesion strengths. The present study aimed to develop anodized hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium using commercial calcium-fortified fruit juice as a calcium source. Varying the electrolyte compositions enabled the formation of four oxide groups with different predominate calcium compounds. Each oxide's morphology, crystallinity, chemistry, molecular structure, and adhesion quality were compared and contrasted. Nanoscale SEM images revealed a progression from porous surface oxide to white surface deposits to petal-like hydroxyapatite structures with the changing anodization electrolytes. Oxide thickness evaluations showed progression from a single-layered oxide with low Ca-, P-, and Mg-dopant incorporations to bi-layered oxide structures with increased Ca-, P-, and Mg-dopant incorporation with changing electrolytes. The bi-layered oxide structures exhibited a titanium-dioxide-rich inner layer and calcium-compound-rich outer layers. Furthermore, indentation analyses confirmed good adhesion quality for three oxides. For the predominate hydroxyapatite oxides, FTIR analyses showed carbonate substitutions indicating the presence of bone-like apatite formation, and ICP-OES analyses revealed prolonged Ca and Mg release over 30 days. These Mg-enhanced carbonated apatite coatings show much promise to improve osseointegration and future implant lifetimes.
Source: Materials
DOI: 10.3390/ma18051163
Authors: Amisha Parekh, Alp Tahincioglu, Chance Walters, Charles Chisolm, Scott Williamson, Amol V. Janorkar, Michael D. Roach
Institution: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W4408219459