New insights into the analysis of faradiol esters and related compounds in Calendula
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: In this study, the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenediol esters (e.g., faradiol esters) in Calendula officinalis (marigold) flowers by RP-HPLC-UV and RP-UHPLC-UV-MS 2 is discussed. The removal of carotenoids before HPLC-UV analysis has always been considered essential. However, this study demonstrates that this is unnecessary as the carotenoids do not interfere with the primary faradiol esters and the related compounds in the HPLC-UV chromatogram. Previously identified esters include the laurates, myristates and palmitates of faradiol and of three of its isomers (e.g., arnidiol, maniladiol and calenduladiol) have been known so far. This study tentatively identifies novel butyrates, caproates, caprylates, caprates, stearates, palmitoleates and oleates of faradiol and its isomers. These tentative identifications were performed using UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) through in-source fragments, product ion spectra (MS 2 ) and parent ion spectra. Moreover, the product ion spectra of the faradiol isomers were compared. While similarities exist, some isomers were distinguishable. • Carotenoids do not interfere UV detection of faradiol esters. • Seven new faradiol esters are tentatively identified by MS. • Seven new esters of three other pentacyclic terpenediols are identified by MS2. • From C4 to C18 including C16:2 and C18:2 all fatty acids are present in the esters.
Authors: Benno F. Zimmermann, Esther Häberle
Institution: University of Bonn
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,680
OpenAlex ID: W4408220243