Work

Gypsum as a Feedstock for Low-Cost, Decarbonized Portland Cement and Sulfuric Acid

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Production methods for cement and sulfuric acid are likely to change in the era of decarbonization. Cement is responsible for 8% of world carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and urgently needs to be decarbonized, while sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is produced from elemental sulfur, a fossil fuel byproduct whose supply may dwindle over time. Here, we perform a technoeconomic analysis of processes to coproduce Portland cement and sulfuric acid from gypsum via fossil-free variations of the once-prevalent Müller–Kühne (MK) process. With credit for coproduced sulfuric acid, a sulfur-driven variant of the MK process could achieve cost parity with limestone-derived cement ($40/t clinker) with dramatic (95–99%) reductions in the emission intensity. While MK process variants would saturate sulfuric acid markets well before they dominate world cement demand, these processes could simultaneously support a circular sulfur economy through valorization of gypsum waste and constitute a pathway to cost-effective decarbonized cement from a limestone-free feedstock.

Source: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c08838

Authors: Samuel J. Faucher, Matthew R. Shaner, Stefan T. Omelchenko, Galit Anikeeva, Ian S. McKay

Institutions: Peregrine Power (United States), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie Institution for Science

Language: English

Topic: Concrete and Cement Materials Research

Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Responsible consumption and production, Climate action, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,500