Comparison of Lignocaine, Ephedrine, and Combined Lignocaine and Ephedrine Pretreatment on Pain on Injection due to Propofol in Adult Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia – A One-Year Hospital-Based Randomized Clinical Trial
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study designs: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial
Abstract: Background: Around 80-90% of patients experience pain from propofol. Pretreatment with lidocaine is a typical way to lessen discomfort caused by propofol. In addition to preserving hemodynamics, ephedrine enhances lignocaine's analgesic effects. As a consequence, combining the two increases effectiveness while lowering dosages and side effects. Techniques: Groups A, B, and C included the three groups of 120 american society of anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II patients receiving GA. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DPB), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were collected before intubation (BI), during the propofol injection (PI), and 1 min after the injection. Verbal rating scale (VRS) was used to measure pain during the PI. Findings: Group A experienced 47.5% pain, Group B experienced 90%, and Group C experienced 27.5%. In Groups A and B, the MAP increased by 12.55 ± 16.08 and 4.55 ± 12.09, respectively, whereas in Group C, it decreased by 3.07 ± 13.01. In Group A, HR decreased by 4.25 ± 16.94, but in Groups B and C, HR increased by 6.41 ± 16.41 and 5.43 ± 19.12. Conclusion: Compared to lignocaine or ephedrine alone, pretreatment with a combination of lignocaine and ephedrine resulted in reduced discomfort and improved hemodynamic stability because of the PI.
Institution: Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College
Language: English
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $250
OpenAlex ID: W4408300713