Work

A Real‐Time Cell Death Self‐Reporting Theranostic Agent for Dynamic Optimization of Photodynamic Therapy

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The therapeutic efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) hinges on the drug‐light interval (DLI), yet conventional approaches relying on photosensitizer accumulation often lead to suboptimal irradiation and adverse side effects. Here, a real‐time cell death self‐reporting photodynamic theranostic nanoagent (CDPN) is presented that dynamically monitors extracellular potassium ion ([K⁺] ex ) fluctuations as direct indicators of tumor cell death. By exploiting [K⁺] ex dyshomeostasis associated with apoptosis and necrosis, CDPN combines a photosensitizer and a potassium‐sensitive fluorophore within mesoporous silica nanoparticles, encapsulated by a K⁺‐selective membrane for enhanced specificity. In vitro and in vivo studies validate that [K⁺] ex dynamics closely correlate with cell death, enabling precise evaluation of PDT efficacy and data‐driven optimization of the DLI. Using a breast cancer model, CDPN‐guided adjustments identify optimized DLI conditions, achieving significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. This study introduces a new paradigm for PDT, establishing a real‐time, adaptable strategy for guiding treatment parameters and advancing precision oncology.

Source: Advanced Science

DOI: 10.1002/advs.202417678