Work

Associations between fine particulate matter and its constituents and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Few studies have reported an association between intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and preconception exposure to PM 2.5 and sunlight duration, but there has been no in-depth analysis of the correlation between ICP and different constituents of PM 2.5 . Thus, we performed this retrospective analysis among 160,544 pregnant women who delivered between 2014 and 2020, to further estimate the impact of different constituents of PM 2.5 , as well as the duration of sunlight, on ICP via generalized linear models. During the three months prior to conception, the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for ICP were 1.176 (95 % CI: 1.066, 1.298) for a 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , 1.080 (95 % CI: 1.026, 1.138) for a 1 μg/m 3 increase in sulfate (SO 4 2– ), 1.069 (95 % CI: 1.025, 1.115) for a 1 μg/m 3 increase in organic matter (OM), 1.274 (95 % CI: 1.049, 1.546) for a 1 μg/m 3 increase in black carbon (BC), and 1.213 (95 % CI: 1.088, 1.353) for a 1-hour decrease in sunlight duration. In addition, during the preconception period, increased exposure to PM 2.5 constituents (including SO 4 2– , OM, and BC) and decreased sunlight duration interactively associated with ICP. Moreover, exposure to OM during the first trimester (aOR=1.043, 95 % CI: 1.004, 1.083) and to BC during both the first trimester (aOR=1.201, 95 % CI: 1.000, 1.442) and the second trimester (aOR=1.278, 95 % CI: 1.048, 1.558) were found to elevate the risk of ICP. In the future, women preparing to conceive should increase sunlight exposure and avoid exposure to air pollution, and the constituents related to anthropogenic emissions should be controlled to prevent these associations. • Revealing the effect of detailed PM 2.5 constituents on ICP for the first time. • Preconception exposure to PM 2.5 , SO 4 2– , OM and BC led to increased risk of ICP. • Exposure to OM in early pregnancy and BC in early-mid pregnancy adversely affected ICP. • Preconception elevated SO 4 2– , OM, and BC interacted with reduced sunshine duration, increasing ICP risk.

Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118010